Excommunicated Baháʼís are people who were followers of the Baháʼí Faith but were declared covenant-breakers by the head of the religion, currently the Universal House of Justice. These people may still self-identify as Baháʼís, but are no longer permitted to participate in official activities of the Bahá'í community, and Bahá'ís are discouraged from associating closely with them.
From 2000-2020, twenty individuals were expelled by the Baháʼí Administration for Covenant-breaking; one per year on average.
List
Excommunicated by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá
- Mírzá Muhammad ʻAlí
- Ibrahim George Kheiralla
Excommunicated by Shoghi Effendi
- Ruth Berkeley White (1920s)
- Hermann Zimmer (1920s)
- Julia Lynch Olin (1939)
- Ahmad Sohrab (1953)
After Shoghi Effendi
- Mason Remey (1960)
- Leland Jensen (1960)
See also
- List of Baháʼís
- List of converts to the Baháʼí Faith
- List of former Baháʼís
- Attempted schisms in the Baháʼí Faith
Citations
References
- Johnson, Vernon (2020). Baha'is in Exile: An Account of followers of Baha'u'llah outside the mainstream Baha'i religion. Pittsburgh, PA: RoseDog Books. ISBN 978-1-6453-0574-3.
- Heller, Wendy M. (2022). "Ch. 34: The Covenant and Covenant-Breaking". In Stockman, Robert H. (ed.). The World of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge. pp. 409–425. doi:10.4324/9780429027772-40. ISBN 978-1-138-36772-2.
